German Elections: Did the Eastern Bloc Vote Radically? Not Exactly

KATEŘINA MAHDALOVÁ & MICHAL ŠKOP • February 28, 2025

On Sunday, February 23, 2025, early parliamentary elections were held in Germany. At first glance, it may seem that former East Germany has become radicalized, but this is quite a distorted view.
In the "classic" electoral map, the election results visibly differ exactly along the former Iron Curtain. In former West Germany, the Christian Democratic CDU/CSU overwhelmingly wins, and in the eastern part of Germany, it's the far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD).
But this is somewhat of an illusion.

This is how the classic map display looks, reflecting the geographical area of regions - but large cities with large populations obviously don't have such an area, and the strength of their voters disappears in this image.

This map therefore logically shows mainly voters in smaller towns and rural areas.

Can you see the five-million-strong Berlin?

In this cartogram, the actual voting strength is displayed, not the geographical area. And the election results look quite different in it.

One hexagon represents one electoral district. Each of these districts is roughly the same size and has approximately the same number of voters (about 200,000).

As you can see, it's not true that the part of Germany that experienced forty years of communist totalitarianism is now voting for the extreme right across the board.

In the largest cities – (eastern) Berlin or Leipzig – the left-wing Die Linke won instead.

In the west, many large cities also saw victories for SPD and the Greens:
e.g., Hamburg, the densely populated Ruhr area, Cologne (Köln) or Hannover.

Looking at the support for individual parties, the election winner CDU/CSU was traditionally strongest in neighboring Bavaria, where they received over 40% of the votes in 11 districts.

Darker color means higher party support.

An interesting fact is that CDU/CSU are two parties. CDU (Christian Democratic Union) operates throughout Germany, except in Bavaria, where there is the independent CSU (Christian Social Union).

AfD was strongest in the east outside the largest cities.

The highest gains (over 45%) were in Saxon districts on the border with Czechia: Görlitz, Bautzen, in the area of Saxon Switzerland or in the Ore Mountains.

So what about that "radical Eastern Bloc"?

We can now see that with AfD, it's not about the entire former East Germany, as the "classic" electoral maps distortedly show, but only about a part of it.

But let's also look at the gains compared to the previous 2021 elections. Back then, AfD received 10.3% of the votes, this year it was 20.8%.

We'll highlight districts where AfD gained voters compared to the previous elections.

Which is all of them.

AfD gained new voters quite evenly across all of Germany.

The same map for the election winner CDU/CSU is not as clear-cut. Along with gains in most of Germany, they also lost in some eastern districts.

Explore specific districts and individual parties in the interactive cartograms below.

Visualization step 0

Overall Results and Gains of Individual Parties

Changes Compared to the Previous 2021 Elections

Overall Election Results

Overall, the Christian Democratic CDU/CSU won the election. The nationalist AfD came in second. The Social Democratic SPD came third, followed by the Greens, and Die Linke was the last to enter parliament. The Alliance of Sahra Wagenknecht and FDP finished just below 5%. The Danish minority party SSW also has one MP, which does not need to obtain 5% of the votes to enter the Bundestag.
Today, it is expected that the government will be formed by the traditional parties CDU/CSU and SPD.

🇩🇪 German Parties

CDU/CSU - conservative bloc of Christian Democrats, traditionally the main force of the German right
AfD – protest right-wing populist party, pro-Putin, sharply critical of migration and the EU
SPD – Social Democrats, historically strong left, today rather moderate center-left grouping
Greens – ecological movement, initially a protest grouping, today an established center-left party
Die Linke – democratic left, partial successor to East Germany's PDS, today advocates for social justice
Outside parliament:
Alliance of Sahra Wagenknecht (BSW) – new left-wing populist party, defines itself against the EU, globalization, migration and neoliberal economics or Green politics
FDP – liberals, advocating free market, weaker state and digital modernization